{"id":8346,"date":"2025-09-14T19:58:16","date_gmt":"2025-09-14T16:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.albadeel-alsheoi.org\/ar\/?p=8346"},"modified":"2025-09-14T19:58:26","modified_gmt":"2025-09-14T16:58:26","slug":"%d8%b4%d8%a8%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.albadeel-alsheoi.org\/ar\/?p=8346","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (SDA-AW) \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a) Progressive Alliance \u00a0(PA) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647. (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 PA \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a 22 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2013 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 70 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a(SPD) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (SI) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a (SI). (2)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646 PA \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (SI) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u061b( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a) \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u061b (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a) \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 SI \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 PA \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 80 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f) \u0627\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.(3)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 SDA-AW \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 SDA-AW \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 (PA) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 (PA)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629” \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” <\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 110 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 “\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1914-1918\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1924 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u00a0\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1919 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629”.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 “\u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1921 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641”. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u00a0\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648”\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627” \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Socialist International) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Socialist International) (\u064dSI) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2003 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a PA. (4)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u00a01938 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0640” \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629” \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0645 21 \u0622\u0628 1940\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. (5)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 1948 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (SWP)\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a (MILITANT TENDENCY) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0628 2025.(6)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 (PA) \u0648(SDA-AW) \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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2 \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2025<\/strong><\/h2>\n